NF-κB
Deoxyelephantopin inhibits the cell growth of HCT 116 (colorectal), K562 (chronic myeloid leukemia), KB (oral), and T47D (breast) cancer cell lines with IC 50 s of 7.46, 4.02, 3.35, 1.86 μg/mL, respectively. Deoxyelephantopin increases the expression of p53, p-JNK, and p-p38 and decreases the expression of p-STAT3 and p-mTOR in cancer cells. Deoxyelephantopin downregulates MMP-2 and MMP-9, uPA, and uPAR mRNA levels in cancer cells.