IC50: 5 μM (αvβ3), 6.5 μM (αvβ5)
Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser binds to integrin receptors αvβ3, with IC 50 of 5 μM. Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-immobilized TiO2 nanotubes enhance osteoblast-like cell (MG-63) adhesion, and significantly increased cell spreading and proliferation.