L-グルタミン酸ナトリウム一水和物 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
定義
本品は、グルタミン酸(*)のナトリウム塩であり、次の化学式で表される。
参照表示名称:グルタミン酸
解説
グルタミン酸ソーダ,グルタミンさんソーダ,グルタミン酸モノナトリウム。白色,無色の針状晶で水に溶けやすく,うまみをもち調味料として使われる。小麦粉のグルテン,脱脂大豆のアミノ酸から精製する方法が行われていたが,発酵法として,デンプン,糖蜜などからとる方法のほか,合成法として,石油化学製品のアクリロニトリルを化学的に反応させて得る方法も行われる。
化粧品の成分用途
ヘアコンディショニング剤、皮膚コンディショニング剤
化学的特性
Colorless powder
天然物の起源
Reported found in certain seaweeds including Laminaria japonica
使用
Flavor enhancer for foods in concentration of
about 0.3%.
調製方法
Monosodium glutamate is the monosodium salt of the naturally
occurring L-form of glutamic acid. It is commonly manufactured by
fermentation of carbohydrate sources such as sugar beet molasses.
In general, sugar beet products are used in Europe and the USA.
M
452 Monosodium Glutamate Other carbohydrate sources such as sugar cane and tapioca are used
in Asia.
製造方法
Monosodium glutamate is commonly produced by a fermentation process using glucose (often sugar molasses) as a
starting substance. Once the glucose is converted to glutamic acid, it is filtered, dissolved and converted to monosodium glutamate
by neutralization with sodium hydroxide. The monosodium glutamate solution is decolorized and then crystallized, dried, sieved,
packed and shipped
定義
ChEBI: An optically active form of monosodium glutamate having L-configuration.
一般的な説明
White or off-white crystalline powder with a slight peptone-like odor. pH (0.2% solution)7.0.
空気と水の反応
Water soluble.
反応プロフィール
L-(+)Sodium glutamate is an amide. Amides/imides react with azo and diazo compounds to generate toxic gases. Flammable gases are formed by the reaction of organic amides/imides with strong reducing agents. Amides are very weak bases (weaker than water). Imides are less basic yet and in fact react with strong bases to form salts. That is, they can react as acids. Mixing amides with dehydrating agents such as P2O5 or SOCl2 generates the corresponding nitrile. The combustion of these compounds generates mixed oxides of nitrogen (NOx).
火災危険
Flash point data are not available for L-(+)Sodium glutamate, but L-(+)Sodium glutamate is probably combustible.
応用例(製薬)
Monosodium glutamate is used in oral pharmaceutical formulations
as a buffer and a flavor enhancer. For example, it is used with
sugar to improve the palatability of bitter-tasting drugs and can
reduce the metallic taste of iron-containing liquids. It has also been
used in subcutaneous live vaccine injections such as measles,
mumps, rubella and varicella-zoster live vaccine (ProQuad).
However, the most widespread use of monosodium glutamate is
as a flavor enhancer in food products. Typically, 0.2–0.9% is used in
normally salted foods, although products such as soy protein can
contain 10–30%. The use of monosodium glutamate in food
products has been controversial owing to the apparently high
number of adverse reactions attributed to the substance, which gives
rise to the so-called ‘Chinese Restaurant Syndrome’.
The current consensus is that there is no clinically compelling
evidence to suggest that monosodium glutamate may be harmful at
the current levels used in foods.
安全性プロファイル
Moderately toxic by
intravenous route. Mildly toxic by ingestion
and other routes. An experimental
teratogen. Other experimental reproductive effects. Human systemic effects by ingestion
and intravenous routes: somnolence,
hallucinations and distorted perceptions,
headache, dyspnea, nausea or vomiting,
dermatitis. The cause of "Chnese restaurant
syndrome." When heated to decomposition
it emits toxic fumes of NOx and Na2O.
安全性
Monosodium glutamate is widely used in foods and oral
pharmaceutical formulations. It is generally regarded as moderately
toxic on ingestion or intravenous administration. Adverse effects
include somnolence, hallucinations and distorted perceptions,
headache, dyspnea, nausea or vomiting, and dermatitis. The lowest
lethal oral dose in humans is reported to be 43 mg/kg.The use of
monosodium glutamate in foods has been controversial due to the
so-called ‘Chinese Restaurant Syndrome’, although
it is generally regarded as safe at intake levels of up to 6 mg/kg bodyweight.In Europe, total glutamate intake from food ranges from
5–12 g/day.
There has been a report of a foreign body granuloma caused by
monosodium glutamate after a BCG vaccination.
環境運命予測
MSG is a white, odorless powder with high water solubility. If
released into the air, it remains in the particulate phase until
removed by deposition.
貯蔵
Aqueous solutions of monosodium glutamate may be sterilized by
autoclaving. Monosodium glutamate should be stored in a tight
container in a cool, dry place.
規制状況(Regulatory Status)
GRAS listed. Accepted in Europe for use as a food additive in
certain applications. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients
Database (oral syrup). Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed
in the UK. Included in subcutaneous vaccine injections.
L-グルタミン酸ナトリウム一水和物 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品