Glucose Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
WEISSES PULVER. SüSSER GESCHMACK.
PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN
Staubexplosion der pulverisierten oder granulierten Substanz in Gemischen mit Luft möglich.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Reagiert sehr heftig mit starken Oxidationsmitteln.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV nicht festgelegt (ACGIH 2005).
MAK nicht festgelegt (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Verschlucken.
LECKAGE
Verschüttetes Material in Behältern sammeln; falls erforderlich durch Anfeuchten Staubentwicklung verhindern. Reste mit viel Wasser wegspülen.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R63:Kann das Kind im Mutterleib möglicherweise schädigen.
R62:Kann möglicherweise die Fortpflanzungsfähigkeit beeinträchtigen.
R46:Kann vererbbare Schäden verursachen.
R36/38:Reizt die Augen und die Haut.
R21:Gesundheitsschädlich bei Berührung mit der Haut.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S36/37:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzkleidung tragen.
S24/25:Berührung mit den Augen und der Haut vermeiden.
S53:Exposition vermeiden - vor Gebrauch besondere Anweisungen einholen.
S25:Berührung mit den Augen vermeiden.
Beschreibung
D(+)-Glucose is one of the most important biological compounds found in nature. It is a main product in photosynthesis and is oxidized in cellular respiration. D(+)-Glucose polymerizes to form several important classes of biomolecules including cellulose, starch, and glycogen. It also combines with other compounds to produce common sugars such as sucrose and lactose. The form of D(+)-Glucose displayed above is D-D(+)-Glucose. The “D” designation indicates the configuration of the molecule. The “D” configuration specifies that the hydroxyl group on the number 5 carbon is on the right side of the molecule. The mirror image of D-D(+)-Glucose produces another form of D(+)-Glucose called L-D(+)-Glucose.D(+)-Glucose is the most common form of a large class of molecules called carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are the predominant type of organic compounds found in organisms and include sugar, starches, and fats. Carbohydrates, as the name implies, derive their name from D(+)-Glucose,C6H12O6, which was considered a hydrate of carbon with the general formula of Cn(H2O)n, where n is a positive integer. Although the idea of water bonded to carbon to form a hydrate of carbon was wrong, the term carbohydrate persisted. Carbohydrates consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, with the carbon atoms generally forming long unbranched chains. Carbohydrates are also known as saccharides derived from the Latin word for sugar, saccharon.
Chemische Eigenschaften
White or almost white, crystalline powder.
History
D(+)-Glucose is the most important and predominant monosaccharide found in nature. It was isolated from raisins by Andreas Sigismund Marggraf (1709–1782) in 1747, and in 1838, Jean-Baptiste-André Dumas (1800–1884) adopted the name glucose from the Greek word glycos meaning sweet. Emil Fischer (1852–1919) determined the structure of glucose in the late 19th century. Glucose also goes by the names dextrose (from its ability to rotate polarized light to the right), grape sugar, and blood sugar. The term blood sugar indicates that glucose is the primary sugar dissolved in blood. Glucose’s abundant hydroxyl groups enable extensive hydrogen bonding, and so glucose is highly soluble in water.
Verwenden
D(+)-Glucose anhydrous for biochemistry Reag. Ph Eur. CAS 50-99-7, molar mass 180.16?g/mol.
Definition
ChEBI: The open chain form of D-glucose.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Watery odorless colorless liquid. Denser than water and soluble in water. Hence sinks in and mixes with water.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Water soluble.
Reaktivität anzeigen
A weak reducing agent.
Health Hazard
No toxicity
Sicherheitsprofil
Mildly toxic by ingest ion. An experimental teratogen. Experi mental reproductive effects. Questionable
carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic
data. Mutation data reported. Potentially
explosive reaction with potassium nitrate +
sodium peroxide when heated in a sealed
container. Uxtures with alkali release
carbon monoxide when heated. When
heated to decomposition it emits acrid
smoke and irritating fumes.
läuterung methode
Crystallise -D-glucose from hot glacial acetic acid or pyridine. Traces of solvent are removed by drying in a vacuum oven at 75o for >3hours. [Gottfried Adv Carbohydr Chem 5 127 1950, Kjaer & Lindberg Acta Chem Scand 1 3 1713 1959, Whistler & Miller Methods in Carbohydrate Chemistry I 1301962, Academic Press, Beilstein 1 IV 4306.] [For equilibrium forms see Angyal Adv Carbohydr Chem 42 15 1984, Angyal & Pickles Aust J Chem 25 1711 1972.]
Glucose Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
Gibberellinsäure
D-Ribose
6-O-α-D-Glucopyranosyl-D-fructose
Tobacco essence
Abamectin
High Fructose Syrups
FERROUS GLUCONATE DIHYDRATE
Xanthan Gummi
2,3-Didehydro-D-erythro-hexono-1,4-lacton
Glucosyl licorice
2-Naphthacencarboxamid, 4-(Dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,5,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-, Monohydrochlorid, [4S-(4α,4aα,5α,5aα,6α,12aα)]-
Mannitol
Penicillin G potassium salt
alkyl polyglucoside
Polygalakturonase
Guanosin-5'-(dinatriumphosphat)
5'-Guanylsure
Cytidin-5'-(tetrahydrogentriphosphat)
Kaliumgluconat
4-Nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranosid
Azoxybenzol
Histidin
4',4'''-Azobis[N-(9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxo-1-anthryl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-carboxamid]
Tobramycin
Polydextrose
Flour improver
Cycloheptapentylose
Norepinephrin
Basic chromic sulfate
Kupfer-D-gluconat
CALCIUM GLUCONATE MONOHYDRATE
Thienamycin
Bis(D-gluconato-O1,O2)mangan
Natrium-[2S-(2α,5α,6β)]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-(phenylacetamido)-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-carboxylat
Natriumgluconat
β,ε-Carotin-3,3'-diol
2,3-Didehydro-3-O-natrio-D-erythro-hexono-1,4-lacton
POLYOXIN A
Clavulaninsure
Cyclooctapentylose
