LEAD(II) THIOCYANATE

Description

It has many applications such as phosphorus-free matches, dyeing, and explosives, especially an ingredient in primes for cartridges. Moreover, this chemical can also act as an effective agent for enhancing the performance of perovskite solar cells. For example, planar perovskite solar cells exhibit a reduced hysteresis and boosted fill factor after introducing lead thiocyanate additive.¹ Using this additive, the improved performance is further verified in the formamidinium and cesium lead triiodide perovskite solar cells.² In addition, antigen retrieval can be realized by microwave irradiation in lead thiocyanate.³ Besides, an efficient stereoselective 1,2-dithiocyanation of various alkynes has been accomplished by employing this chemical as a reagent.⁴

Reference

1. Ke, W. J.; Xiao, C. X.; Wang, C. L.; Saparov, B.; Duan, H. S.; Zhao, D. W.; Xiao, Z. W.; Schulz, P.; Harvey, S. P.; Liao, W. Q.; Meng, W. W.; Yu, Y.; Cimaroli, A. J.; Jiang, C. S.; Zhu, K.; Al-Jassim, M.; Fang, G. J.; Mitzi, D. B.; Yan, Y. F., Employing Lead Thiocyanate Additive to Reduce the Hysteresis and Boost the Fill Factor of Planar Perovskite Solar Cells. Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 5214-+.
2. Yu, Y.; Wang, C. L.; Grice, C. R.; Shrestha, N.; Chen, J.; Zhao, D. W.; Liao, W. Q.; Cimaroli, A. J.; Roland, P. J.; Ellingson, R. J.; Yan, Y. F., Improving the Performance of Formamidinium and Cesium Lead Triiodide Perovskite Solar Cells using Lead Thiocyanate Additives. Chemsuschem 2016, 9, 3288-3297.
3. Momose, H.; Mehta, P.; Battifora, H., ANTIGEN RETRIEVAL BY MICROWAVE IRRADIATION IN LEAD THIOCYANATE COMPARISON WITH PROTEASE DIGESTION RETRIEVAL. Lab. Invest. 1993, 68, A139-A139.
4. Prakash, O.; Sharma, V.; Batra, H.; Moriarty, R. M., (Dichloroiodo)benzene and lead(II) thiocyanate as an efficient reagent combination for stereoselective 1,2-dithiocyanation of alkynes. Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42, 553-555.

Description

Lead thiocyanate is a white or light yellow,odorless, crystalline powder. Odorless. Molecularweight = 323.36; Specific gravity (H2O:1) = 3.82; Freezing/Melting point = 190℃(decomposes). Hazard Identification(based on NFPA-704 M Rating System): Health 3,Flammability 1, Reactivity 1. Slightly soluble in water;solubility = ,0.05%.

Chemical Properties

White to yellow powder

Chemical Properties

Leadthiocyanateisawhiteorlightyellow,odorless, crystalline powder. Odorless

Uses

Lead (II) thiocyanate can be used:

• To form a complex with Schiff-base lariat crown ether,?N,N′-bis(3-(salicylaldimino)benzyl)-4,13-diaza-18-crown-6.
• To investigate complexing and fluorescence properties of calixarene bearing two dansyl fluorophores grafted on a large pore mesoporous silica material.
• As a reagent in the 1,2-dithiocyanation of alkynes in the presence of (dichloroiodo)benzene.
• As a precursor to synthesize perovskite films for solar cell applications.

Uses

Reverse dyeing with aniline black; manufacture of safety matches and cartridges.

General Description

A white to yellow crystalline solid. Slightly soluble in water and denser than water. Primary hazard is threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit spread to the environment. Used to make explosives, safety matches, and in dyeing.

Air & Water Reactions

Slightly soluble in water.

Reactivity Profile

Nitric acid violently oxidized a thiocyanate solution [Bretherick 1979. p. 121]. Caution should be exercised in treating a thiocyanate with an oxidizing agent such as a peroxide or chlorate as such mixtures have been known to explode. May be thermally unstable. Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Irritating sulfur dioxide gas may form in fire [USCG, 1999].

Health Hazard

Early symptoms of lead intoxication via inhalation or ingestion are most commonly gastrointestinal disorders, colic, constipation, etc.; weakness, which may go on to paralysis, chiefly of the extensor muscles of the wrists and less often of the ankles, is noticeable in the most serious cases. Ingestion of a laarge amount causes local irritation of the alimentary tract; pain, leg cramps, muscle weakness, paresthesias, depression, coma, and death may follow in 1 or 2 days. Contact causes irritation of eyes and mild irritation of skin.

Fire Hazard

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Irritating sulfur dioxide gas may form in fire.

Potential Exposure

An explosive, thermally unstable material. Used in making safety matches, primers for small arms cartridges; pyrotechnic devices; and in dyes.

First aid

If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove anycontact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least15 min, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts theskin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediatelywith soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. Ifthis chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure,begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR ifheart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medicalfacility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. Give large quantities of water and inducevomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit.Note to physician: Administer saline cathartic and an enema.For relief of colic, administer antispasmodic (calciumgluconate, atropine, papaverine). Consider morphine sulfatefor severe pain.Whole blood lead levels, circulating plasma/erythrocytelead concentration ratio, urine ALA, and erythrocyte protoporphyrin fluorescent microscopy may all be useful in monitoring or assessing lead exposure. Chelating agents, such asedetate disodium calcium (Ca EDTA) and penicillamine(not penicillin), are generally useful in the therapy of acutelead intoxication.Antidotes and special procedures for lead: Persons with significant lead poisoning are sometimes treated with CaEDTA while hospitalized. This “chelating” drug causes arush of lead from the body organs into the blood and kidneys, and thus has its own hazards, and must be administered only by highly experienced medical personnel undercontrolled conditions and careful observation. Ca EDTA orsimilar drugs should never be used to prevent poisoningwhile exposure continues or without strict exposure control,as severe kidney damage can result.

storage

Color Code—Blue: Health Hazard/Poison: Storein a secure poison location. Prior to working with thischemical you should be trained on its proper handling andstorage. Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, wellventilated area away from hot water, heat, oxidizers, acids,acid fumes. Lead is regulated by an OSHA Standard1910.1025. All requirements of the standard must befollowed.

Shipping

UN2291 Lead compounds, soluble n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required

Incompatibilities

Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, and epoxides. Contact with acids or acid fumes caused decomposition with fumes of cyanide. Will decompose in hot water.