ペニシリンV 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
白色, 結晶性粉末〜粉末
溶解性
エタノール及びアセトンに溶け、水にほとんど溶けない。
効能
抗生物質, 細胞壁合成阻害薬
使用上の注意
不活性ガス封入
化学的特性
Crystalline Solid
使用
Phenoxymethylpenicillin or penicillin V is acid-resistant and used instead of penicillin G
for oral use. It is active with respect to Gram-positive (staphylococcus, streptococcus,
pneumococcus), and Gram-negative (meningococcus, gonococcus) cocci, spirochaeta,
clostridia, and corynebacteria.
Phenoxymethylpenicillin is used for bronchitis, pneumonia, angina, scarlet fever, gonorrhea, syphilis, purulent skin and soft-tissue wounds, and other infectious diseases.
Synonyms of this drug are bermycin, isocillin, cristapen, fenospen, uticillin, and others.
主な応用
Phenoxymethylpenicillin was produced in the culture broth of Penicillium chrysogenum when phenoxyacetic acid was added to the medium at Biochemie in 1953. It is more stable against acid than benzylpenicillin and is used as an orally active penicillin. Its therapeutic applications are the same as those of benzylpenicillin.
抗菌性
The antibacterial spectrum and level of activity are similar to
that of benzylpenicillin. Enteric Gram-negative
bacilli are highly resistant.
一般的な説明
White crystalline powder.
空気と水の反応
Insoluble in water.
反応プロフィール
Stable in air up to 37%; relatively stable to acid. PENICILLIN V is incompatible with acids, oxidizing agents (especially in the presence of trace metals), heavy metal ions such as copper, lead, zinc and mercury; glycerol, sympathomimetic amines, thiomersal, wood alcohols, cetostearyl alcohol, hard paraffins, macrogols, cocoa butter and many ionic an nonionic surface-active agents. PENICILLIN V is also incompatible with alkalis, compounds leached from vulcanized rubber, hydrochlorides of tetracyclines and organic peroxides. Other incompatibilities include reducing agents, alcohols, other hydroxy compounds, self-emulsifying stearyl alcohol, emulsifying wax, lanolin, crude cholinesterated bases, glycol, sugars, amines, aminacrine hydrochloride, ephedrine, procaine, rubber tubing, thiamine hydrochloride, zinc oxide, oxidized cellulose, iodine, iodides, thiols, chlorocresol and resorcinol. PENICILLIN V may also be incompatible with naphthalene oils and vitamin B.
健康ハザード
SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to PENICILLIN V include hypersensitization, skin rashes, contact dermatitis, oral lesions, fever, eosinophilia, interstitial nephritis, angioedema, serum sickness, anaphylaxis, "Arthus" phenomenon; irritation of the Gastrointestinal tract; phlebitis; bronchoconstriction with severe asthma, or abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, extreme weakness and fall in blood pressure, diarrhea, and purpuric skin eruptions.
火災危険
Flash point data for PENICILLIN V are not available; however PENICILLIN V is probably combustible.
薬物動態学
Oral absorption: 40–70%
C
max 250 mg oral: 2 mg/L after 1 h
Plasma half-life: c. 0.5 h
Volume of distribution: 0.2 L/kg
Plasma protein binding: 80%
Absorption
Owing to acid stability, it is not destroyed in the stomach, but absorption is variable, about 30% remaining in the feces. Absorption is better after administration in the fasting state.
Metabolism and excretion
It is fairly extensively metabolized and degraded in the bowel. Some 60% of the dose is excreted in the urine, 25% in the unchanged form and the remainder as metabolites.
臨床応用
In 1948, Behrens et al. reported penicillin V, phenoxymethylpenicillin(Pen Vee, V-Cillin) as a biosyntheticproduct. It was not until 1953, however, that its clinicalvalue was recognized by some European scientists. Sincethen, it has enjoyed wide use because of its resistance tohydrolysis by gastric juice and its ability to produce uniformconcentrations in blood (when administered orally). Thefree acid requires about 1,200 mL of water to dissolve 1 g, and it has an activity of 1,695 units/mg. For parenteralsolutions, the potassium salt is usually used. This salt is verysoluble in water. Solutions of it are made from the dry saltat the time of administration. Oral dosage forms of thepotassium salt are also available, providing rapid, effectiveplasma concentrations of this penicillin. The salt of phenoxymethylpenicillinwith N,N'-bis(dehydroabietyl)ethylenediamine(hydrabamine, Compocillin-V) provides a verylong-acting form of this compound. Its high water insolubilitymakes it a desirable compound for aqueous suspensionsused as liquid oral dosage forms.
副作用
Those common to penicillins. As with all penicillins,
patients with a history of hypersensitivity to penicillins
should be treated cautiously, as serious anaphylactic responses
may occur.
安全性プロファイル
Poison by intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, and intravenous routes. Human systemic effects by ingestion: impaired liver function, dermatitis, fever. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of SOx and NOx.
ペニシリンV 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品