硝酸タリウム(I) 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
白色, 結晶〜結晶性粉末
溶解性
水に可溶, エタノールに不溶。水にやや溶けやすく、エタノールにほとんど溶けない。
用途
分析、研究用。
用途
高純度金属化合物。
使用上の注意
純度は金属ベースで差数法によって算出したもので、重量又は容量分析等の化学的方法によるものではありません。使用目的により、正確な含量が必要な場合は、それらの方法によって測定する必要があります。
化学的特性
cubic crystals
物理的性質
White crystals; exists in three allotropic modifications: a rhombohedral gamma form that transforms to trigonal beta form at 75°C, the trigonal converting to a cubic alpha form at 145°C.
Density of the salt is 5.56 g/cm3; melts at 206°C; vaporizes at 450°C with decomposition; moderately soluble in water, 9.55 g/100mL at 20°C; insoluble in alcohol.
使用
As a reagent in analytical chemistry, especially for the determination of iodine in presence of Br and Cl; also with KClO3, HgCl and resin for green fire for signalling at sea.
製造方法
Thallium nitrate is prepared by reacting thallium metal, thallous oxide, Tl2O or thallous hydroxide, TlOH, with nitric acid followed by crystallization: Tl
2O+ 2HNO
3 → 2TlNO
3 + H
2O TlOH + HNO
3 → TlNO
3 + H
2O.
一般的な説明
A colorless crystalline solid melting at 206°C. Toxic by ingestion and skin absorption. Used to make other chemicals.
空気と水の反応
Water soluble.
反応プロフィール
THALLIUM(I) NITRATE is an oxidizing agent. May start a fire when in contact with organic materials. Mixtures with alkyl esters may explode, owing to the formation of alkyl nitrates. Mixtures with phosphorus, tin(II) chloride, or other reducing agents may react explosively [Bretherick, 1979 p. 108-109].
危険性
A poison. Strong oxidizing agent, fire and
explosion risk. TLV: 0.1 mg(Tl)/m3. Toxic by skin
absorption.
健康ハザード
Thallium is one of the more toxic elements both as an acute and a chronic poison. Effects of exposure are cumulative and onset of symptoms may be delayed 12 to 24 hours. May be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through the skin. Irritating to skin and eyes. Readily absorbed through the skin and digestive tract. Ingestion of soluble thallium compounds has caused many deaths Ingestion of sublethal quantities may cause nausea, vomiting, diarhea, abdominal pain, and bleeding from the gut accompanied or followed by drooping eyelids, crossed eyes, weakness, numbness, tingling of arms and legs, trembling, tightness and pain in the chest. Loss of hair may occur in two to three weeks. Severe intoxication may cause prostration, rapid heartbeat, convulsions, and psychosis. Some effects may be permanent.
安全性プロファイル
Poison by ingestion, intravenous, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous routes. Human systemic effects by ingestion: hypermouhty, diarrhea, nausea or vomiting, and dehydration. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of T1 and NO,. See also THALLIUM COMPOUNDS and NITRATES.
発がん性
There is inadequate carcinogenicity
data. From the results of a study with thallium sulfate
(383), the highest daily dose, 0.25 mg/kg, was
considered a NOAEL. Using the molecular weight of
TlNO3 to Tl for conversion, this NOAEL was
converted to 0.26 mg TlNO3/kg per day.
純化方法
The nitrate crystallises from warm water (1mL/g) on cooling to 0o. POISONOUS.
硝酸タリウム(I) 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品