塩素(III)トリフルオリド 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
用途
フッ素化剤、ロケット推進薬、半導体産業で、蒸着、反応器の清掃に使用
化学的特性
Chlorine trifluoride is a greenish yellow,
almost colorless, liquid (below 12C/53F), or colorless gas
with a sweet, irritating odor. Shipped as a liquefied compressed gas.
物理的性質
Colorless gas; sweetish but suffocating odor; density of the liquid 1.77 g/mL at 13°C; condenses to a greenish yellow liquid at 11.75°C; freezes to a white solid at -76.3°C; reacts violently with water.
使用
Chlorine trifluoride is used as a fluorinatingagent, as a rocket propellant, in processingof nuclear reactor fuel, and in incendiaries.It is also used as an inhibitor of pyrolysis offluorocarbon polymers.
一般的な説明
A colorless gas or green liquid with a pungent odor. Boils at 53°F. CHLORINE TRIFLUORIDE reacts with water to form chlorine and hydrofluoric acid with release of heat. Contact with organic materials may result in spontaneous ignition. CHLORINE TRIFLUORIDE is corrosive to metals and tissue. Prolonged exposure to low concentrations or short term exposure to high concentrations may result in adverse health effects. Under prolonged exposure to fire or intense heat the container may violently rupture and rocket.
空気と水の反応
A violent reaction occurs with water or ice generating acidic HF and chlorine, [Sidgwick, 1156(1950)]. The release of CHLORINE TRIFLUORIDE to the atmosphere rapidly generates two toxic reaction products: HF and Chlorine Dioxide, [Lombardi, D.A. and M.D. Cheng 1996. "Modeling Accidental Releases of CHLORINE TRIFLUORIDE to the Atmosphere," Paper No. 96-WP66B.02, presented at the 89th Annual Meeting of the Air and Waste Management Association, Nashville, Tennessee, June 23-26].
危険性
Explodes in contact with organic materials or with water. Dangerous fire risk. A poison,
very toxic, corrosive to skin. Lung damage, eye,
and upper respiratory tract irritant. Questionable
carcinogen.
健康ハザード
Chlorine trifluoride is a severe irritant tothe skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.Exposure to this gas can cause lung dam age. A 30-minute exposure to 400 ppm waslethal to rats. It decomposes in the presenceof moisture to chlorine, chlorine dioxide,and hydrogen fluoride, all of which arehighly toxic. Chronic inhalation study on ani mals for a period of 6 months (6 hours/day,5 days/week) indicated that at an exposurelevel of nearly 1 ppm the early symptomswere sneezing, salivation, and expulsionof frothy fluid from the mouth and nose(ACGIH 1986). This progressed to mus cle weakness, pneumonia, and lung damage.Some animals died.
In humans, exposure to this gas can pro duce severe injury to the eyes, skin, andrespiratory tract, and pulmonary edema. Theliquid is severely corrosive to the skin andeyes. Skin contact can cause painful burns.
火災危険
Nonflammable gas; dangerously reactive.
Chlorine trifluoride reacts explosively with
water, forming hydrogen fluoride and chlo rine. It reacts violently with most elements
and common substances. Paper, cloth, wood,
glass, wool, charcoal, and graphite burst
into flame in contact with the liquid. The
vapors, even when diluted, can set fire to
organic compounds. Reactions with most metals are vigorous to violent, often caus ing a fire. It catches fire when mixed with
phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, silicon, sul fur, selenium, tellurium, tungsten, osmium,
and rhodium (Mellor 1946, Suppl. 1956).
Among the alkali- and alkaline–earth metals,
reaction is violent with potassium at ordinary
temperatures, and with sodium, calcium, or
magnesium it reacts violently at elevated
temperatures. Violent reaction occurs with
oxides, sulfides, halides, and carbides of
metals, causing flames. Chlorine trifluoride
attacks sand, glass, and asbestos. Prolonged
contact can ignite glass. Explosive reactions
occur with many common gases, includ ing hydrogen, lower hydrocarbons, carbon
monoxide, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and
sulfur dioxide. Reactions with mineral acids
and alkalies are violent.
In case of a small fire involving chlorine
trifluoride, use a dry chemical or water
spray in large amounts (NFPA 1997). Allow
large fires to burn. Avoid contact of chlorine
trifluoride with the body or with protective
clothing.
職業ばく露
Chlorine trifluoride is used as a fluorinating agent. It may be used as an igniter and propellant in
rockets. It is used in nuclear fuel processing.
貯蔵
Chlorine trifluoride is stored and shippedin special steel cylinders. It is stored inmoisture-free, cool, and isolated areas sepa rated from other chemicals. The cylinders arekept upright, covered, and protected againstphysical damage.
輸送方法
UN1749 Chlorine trifluoride, Hazard class: 2.3;
Labels: 2.3-Poisonous gas, 5.1-Oxidizer, 8-Corrosive material, Inhalation Hazard Zone B. Cylinders must be transported in a secure upright position, in a well-ventilated
truck. Protect cylinder and labels from physical damage.
The owner of the compressed gas cylinder is the only entity
allowed by federal law (49CFR) to transport and refill
them. It is a violation of transportation regulations to refill
compressed gas cylinders without the express written permission of the owner.
純化方法
Impurities include chloryl fluoride, chlorine dioxide and hydrogen fluoride. Passed it first through two U-tubes containing NaF to remove HF, then through a series of traps in which the liquid is fractionally distilled. It can be purified via the KF complex; KClF4, formed by adding excess ClF3 to solid KF in a stainless steel cylinder in a dry-box and shaking overnight. After pumping out the volatile materials, pure ClF3 is obtained by heating the bomb to 100-150o and condensing the evolved gas in a -196o trap [Schack et al. Chem Ind (London) 545 1967]. It attacks glass very vigorously. HIGHLY TOXIC.
不和合性
A powerful oxidizer. Keep away from
acids. Most combustible materials ignite spontaneously
on contact with chlorine trifluoride. Explodes on contact
with organic materials. The liquid can explode if mixed
with halocarbons or hydrocarbons. It reacts violently
with oxidizable materials, finely divided metals and
metal oxides; sand, glass, asbestos, silicon-containing
compounds. Emits highly toxic fumes on contact with
acids. Chlorine trifluoride decomposes above 220C,
forming Thermal decomposition products may include
hydrogen chloride and HF. Reacts violently with water,
forming chlorine gas and hydrofluoric acid. Reacts with
most forms of plastics, rubber, coatings, and resins;
except the highly fluorinated polymers, such as Teflon
and “K el-F.”
廃棄物の処理
Return refillable compressed
gas cylinders to supplier.
塩素(III)トリフルオリド 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品