노르말부틸로니트릴 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산
화학적 성질
n-Butyronitrile has a sharp suffocating odor. Forms cyanide in the body. Butyronitrile [109-74-0], propyl cyanide, butanenitrile, CH3(CH2)2CN, is a colorless liquid slightly miscible with water, miscible with ethanol and diethyl ether. The physical properties are listed in Table 1. Butyronitrile is usually obtained by the catalytic gase-phase reaction of butanol or butyraldehyde with ammonia. Its major use is the manufacture of the poultry drug amprolium.
용도
Butyronitrile is used as a chemical intermediate.
정의
ChEBI: A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a propyl group.
생산 방법
n-Butyronitrile is prepared from 1-butanol by controlled cyanation with NH
3 at
300°C in the presence of Ni-Al
20
3 or zinc phosphide catalysts.
일반 설명
A clear colorless liquid. Flash point 76°F. Less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion. Used in the manufacture of other chemicals.
공기와 물의 반응
Highly flammable. Slightly soluble in water.
반응 프로필
BUTYRONITRILE can react vigorously with oxidizing reagents, when heated to decomposition, BUTYRONITRILE emits highly toxic fumes of cyanides and oxides of nitrogen [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 609]. Nitriles may polymerize in the presence of metals and some metal compounds. They are incompatible with acids; mixing nitriles with strong oxidizing acids can lead to extremely violent reactions. Nitriles are generally incompatible with other oxidizing agents such as peroxides and epoxides. The combination of bases and nitriles can produce hydrogen cyanide. Nitriles are hydrolyzed in both aqueous acid and base to give carboxylic acids (or salts of carboxylic acids). These reactions generate heat. Peroxides convert nitriles to amides. Nitriles can react vigorously with reducing agents. Acetonitrile and propionitrile are soluble in water, but nitriles higher than propionitrile have low aqueous solubility. They are also insoluble in aqueous acids.
위험도
Flammable, dangerous fire risk.
건강위험
n-Butyronitrile is considered a highly hazardous material and full precautions
should be used to prevent skin contact or inhalation of the vapor. Inhaled n-butyronitrile is about 2.4 times as toxic as acetonitrile. In order to protect
workers, the recommended TWA limit is obtained by dividing that for acetonitrile
by the factor 2.4. NIOSH has therefore recommended that employee exposure
should not exceed 8 ppm (v/v) (22 mg/m
3) compound as a TLV-TWA.
화재위험
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic cyanide fumes
공업 용도
n-Butyronitrile is used as an industrial solvent, an intermediate in the chemical industry and in poultry medicines.
Safety Profile
A poison by ingestion,
skin contact, intraperitoneal, and
subcutaneous routes. Moderately toxic by
inhalation. Experimental reproductive data.
A skin irritant. Dangerous fire hazard when
exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers. To
fight fire, use alcohol foam. When heated to
decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx
and CN-.
Purification Methods
Treat it with conc HCl until the smell of the isonitrile had gone, then dry with K2CO3 and fractionally distil [Turner J Chem Soc 1681 1956]. Alternatively it is twice heated at 75o and stirred for several hours with a mixture of 7.7g Na2CO3 and 11.5g KMnO4 per L of butyronitrile. The mixture is cooled, then distilled. The middle fraction is dried over activated alumina. [Schoeller & Wiemann J Am Chem Soc 108 22 1986, Beilstein 2 IV 806.]
폐기물 처리
Burning in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber is the most effective way to destroy the compound. Oxidation with ethanolic–KOH can convert butyronitrile to nonhazardous cyanate.
노르말부틸로니트릴 준비 용품 및 원자재
원자재
준비 용품
