페노바르비탈 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산
개요
Phenobarbital (Item No. 9001494) is an analytical reference material categorized as a barbiturate. Phenobarbital is regulated as a Schedule IV compound in the United States. This product is intended for research and forensic applications.
화학적 성질
Crystalline Solid
용도
Phenobarbital exhibits relaxant, soporific, and anticonvulsant activities. It is widely used
in treating epilepsy, chorea, and spastic paralysis, and is used as a component of a large
number of combined drugs, valocordin and corvalol in particular.
Indications
Phenobarbital can reduce cholestatic pruritus, possibly
by enhancing hepatic microsomal function. Phenobarbital is sedating and
may interfere with the metabolism of many drugs.
정의
ChEBI: A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.
World Health Organization (WHO)
Phenobarbital is a long-acting barbiturate which is controlled
under Schedule IV of the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances.
Phenobarbital is of value in the treatment of epilepsy and preparations for such
use are included in the WHO Model List of Essential Drugs. See also WHO
comment for barbiturates.
(Reference: (UNCPS4) United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substances (IV),
, , 1971)
일반 설명
Phenobarbital, 5-ethyl-5-phenylbarbituricacid (Luminal), is a long-acting sedative and hypnotic.It is also a valuable anticonvulsant, especially in generalizedtonic–clonic and partial seizures (see the discussionon anticonvulsants). Metabolism to the p-hydroxylphenylcompound followed by glucuronidation accounts for about90% of a dose.
공기와 물의 반응
Sensitive to hydrolysis. Alkaline solutions react more rapidly than acidic solutions. At pH 7 and 176°F, has a half life of 74 hours. Insoluble in water.
반응 프로필
Phenobarbital is also sensitive to prolonged exposure to light. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Forms a complex of reduced solubility with macrogol 4000. Able to form metal derivatives .
화재위험
Phenobarbital is combustible.
Safety Profile
Confirmed carcinogen
with experimental carcinogenic,
neoplastigenic, tumorigenic, and teratogenic
data. A human poison by ingestion. An
experimental poison by ingestion,
intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, intravenous,
and rectal routes. Human systemic effects by
ingestion: somnolence, motor activity
changes, pulmonary changes, allergc
dermatitis, and fever. Human reproductive
effects by ingestion: drug dependence and
other postnatal measures or effects. Human
teratogenic effects include developmental abnormalities of the central nervous system,
body wall, musculoskeletal, respiratory,
gastrointestinal, and urogenital systems.
Experimental reproductive effects. Human
mutation data reported. Used as a drug in
the treatment of epilepsy, and as a hypnotic
and sedative. When heated to
decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx.See also BARBITURATES.
페노바르비탈 준비 용품 및 원자재
원자재
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